/diseases/{disease_code}/distribution/{country_code}/notes

GET

/diseases/%7Bdisease_code%7D/distribution/%7Bcountry_code%7D/notes

GET

/diseases/%7Bdisease_code%7D/distribution/%7Bcountry_code%7D/notes

$ curl https://api.gideononline.com/diseases/%7Bdisease_code%7D/distribution/%7Bcountry_code%7D/notes \
>      -H "Authorization: <apiKey>"

200Disease - Distribution_/diseases/{disease_code}/distribution/{country_code}/notes_example

1 {
2   "data": "<b>Time and Place</b>\nThe first dengue-like epidemics were reported in 1635 in Martinique and Guadeloupe, and in 1699 in Panama. <gdn-pref id='23042846'></gdn-pref>\n - Dengue was later reported in the Caribbean-Latin American region in 1827 (Virgin Islands), presumably imported with African slaves. \n - An outbreak of dengue was reported in Cuba. At this time, the word \"dunga\" was first used, and later changed to \"dengue.\" <gdn-pref id='23042846'></gdn-pref>\n - A second pandemic during 1848 to 1850 involved Cuba and New Orleans.  \n - A third pandemic struck the region during 1979 to 1880. \nOutbreaks of severe dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) emerged beginning in the 1950s. <gdn-pref id='19366911'></gdn-pref>\n - Prior to the 1970's only nine countries had experienced severe dengue epidemics - as of 2012, the disease was endemic to over 100 countries.\n - As of 2016, 11 countries had approved routine use of a quadrivalent Dengue vaccine: Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore. Mexico, the Philippines, Brazil, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Guatemala and Peru. <gdn-pref id='27701113'></gdn-pref>\n\n - 2019 (publicaton year) - Mapping the spread of dengue during 1943 to 2013 - see reference <gdn-pref id='24468533'></gdn-pref>\n\n<b>Dengue and travel</b>\n - 1997 to 2006 - . Risk for dengue among travelers peak in Southeast Asia during June and September, South-central Asia in October, South America in March and the Caribbean in August and October. <gdn-pref id='18598629'></gdn-pref>\n - 2008 - Dengue accounted for 1.5% of febrile illness among returning European travelers. <gdn-pref id='21083874'></gdn-pref>\n - 2013 (publication year) - The risk for dengue among travelers to endemic destinations is estimated at 10.2 to 30 per 1,000 person-months; and the disease accounts for up to 16% of febrile illness episodes in this group. <gdn-pref id='24165383'></gdn-pref>\n - 2018 (publication year) - Dengue is the leading cause of fever among travelers returning from Southeast Asia - 50 cases per 1,000 in non-epidemic years, 159 per 1,000 during epidemic years. <gdn-pref id='30374664'></gdn-pref>\n\nThe four strains of Dengue fever virus which infect humans emerged from ancestral sylvatic progenitors which continue to persist among non-human primates in Southeast Asia and West Africa.  Rare instances of human infection by sylvatic strains are reported. <gdn-pref id='21666708'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25092823'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23523817'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='20212326'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='19081488'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='18325274'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20160507.4207603'></gdn-mref>\n\n<b>Dengue in Africa</b>\nDuring 1960 to 2010, a total of 22 countries in Africa reported sporadic cases or outbreaks of dengue; 12 other countries in Africa reported dengue only in travelers. <gdn-pref id='21801609'></gdn-pref>  A review published in 2012 suggested that dengue is endemic to 34 African countries. <gdn-pref id='22668445'></gdn-pref>\n - During 1823 to 2014, seven out of ten countries in eastern Africa and three islands in the Indian Ocean experienced dengue outbreaks. <gdn-pref id='26922851'></gdn-pref>\n - Dengue virus was first isolated in Africa during 1964 to 1968 (Nigeria); and had been identified in 14 African countries as of 2009. <gdn-pref id='19280730'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='20184854'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20100826.3010'></gdn-mref> <gdn-pref id='20843471'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21029541'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21338953'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20100913.3308'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20100222.0597'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20100826.3010'></gdn-mref>\n - Serosurveys suggest that dengue is hyper-endemic in certain areas of West Africa, and probably East Africa as well. \n - Clinical cases are probably misdiagnosed as malaria.\n - Dengue / Chikungunya co-infections are reported in endemic areas. <gdn-pref id='18551940'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='19581242'></gdn-pref>\n     \n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='1'></gdn-charts>\n\n<gdn-surveys type='prevalence' disease='10590' country='G100'></gdn-surveys>  \n\n<gdn-surveys type='seroprevalence' disease='10590' country='G100'></gdn-surveys>\n\n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='2'></gdn-charts>\n\n<b>Severe Dengue (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever; DHF; DSS)</b>\nAs of 2012, four serotypes of Dengue virus had been identified.  Although the existence of fifth serotype was reported in Malaysia in 2013, the clinical significance of this strain appears to be minimal. <gdn-mref id='20131023.2016569'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20140910.2762015'></gdn-mref>\n - Severe dengue is more often associated with secondary Dengue 2 infection than with the other serotypes. <gdn-pref id='26085471'></gdn-pref>\n - The risk for DHF is 0.2% during the first attack of dengue, but increases 10-fold during reinfection by a second dengue serotype. <gdn-pref id='9665979'></gdn-pref>  Rarely, a given patient may be co-infected by two serotypes simultaneously. <gdn-pref id='3970307'></gdn-pref>\n - A long time interval between attacks of dengue may actually increase the risk of dengue hemorrhagic fever. <gdn-pref id='18420239'></gdn-pref>\n - It is estimated that over 100,000 of DHF occur each year worldwide.\n - 715,238 cases of DHF and 21,345 deaths were reported worldwide during 1956 to 1980; 1,263,321 cases of DHF and 15,940 deaths during 1986 to 1990.\n - The world's first epidemic of DHF was reported in the Philippines during 1953 to 1954. \n - The first outbreak of DHF in the Americas was reported in 1981, from Cuba. <gdn-pref id='23444620'></gdn-pref>\n - The incidence of DHF is higher in Asia than in other dengue-endemic areas, with two-thirds of regional cases reported from Viet Nam and Thailand. \n - Over 100,000 dengue deaths were estimated for Asia in 1995.\n - 12,300 fatal cases were estimated globally for 2005; 18,400 for 2015. <gdn-pref id='27733281'></gdn-pref>\n\n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='3'></gdn-charts>\n\n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='4'></gdn-charts>\n\n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='5'></gdn-charts>\n\n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='6'></gdn-charts>\n\n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='7'></gdn-charts>\n\n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='8'></gdn-charts>\n\n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='9'></gdn-charts>\n\n<b>Dengue in Europe</b> <gdn-pref id='23962447'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27254392'></gdn-pref>\n43% of cases reported in Europe in 2008 originated from Southeast Asia, 14% Latin America, 11% the Caribbean and 4% Africa. <gdn-mref id='20090629.2353'></gdn-mref>\n - In 2010, autochthonous cases of dengue were reported in France <gdn-pref id='20929659'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20100915.3345'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20100921.3399'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20100927.3506'></gdn-mref> and Croatia. <gdn-pref id='20946759'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21392489'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25474491'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20101012.3697'></gdn-mref>\n - During 2012 to 2013 - An outbreak (2,168 cases) of dengue was reported in Madeira, Portugal. <gdn-pref id='23113325'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23231893'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23324429'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23410256'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23962447'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24473797'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24602277'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25144749'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25399556'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25767886'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20121021.1356313'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20121006.1328158'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20121107.1397801'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20121112.1404829'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20121121.1417734'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20121124.1422925'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20121205.1439368'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20121212.1447452'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20121216.1453952'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20121230.1475399'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20130208.1535624'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20130215.1544402'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20130318.1591291'></gdn-mref>  42 cases were reported among travelers who returned from Madeira to Germany, Sweden, France and the United Kingdom.   Molecular studies suggested that dengue virus introduced from Venezuela was the source of the outbreak in Madeira. <gdn-pref id='25843502'></gdn-pref>\n - In 2013, a case of autochthonous dengue was reported in France. <gdn-pref id='24342514'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20131209.2101186'></gdn-mref> <gdn-mref id='20131223.2132849'></gdn-mref>\n - In 2015, an outbreak of autochthonous dengue was reported in France. <gdn-pref id='27254729'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20160602.4259981'></gdn-mref>\n - In 2017, no cases of autochthonous dengue were reported to December.\n\n<b>Dengue in the Middle East and North Africa</b> -\n - 81 outbreaks were reported from 9 countries during 1941 to 2015; and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and/or <i>Ae. albopictus</i> was reported in 15 countries. <gdn-pref id='27926925'></gdn-pref>\n\n<gdn-charts disease='10590' country='G100' id='10'></gdn-charts>\n\n<b>Reservoirs</b>\nDengue virus has been identified in a variety of primates <gdn-pref id='24105916'></gdn-pref> , and in neo-tropical forest mammals belonging to the Rodentia, Marsupialia and Chiroptera <gdn-pref id='18945183'></gdn-pref>\n\n<b>Vectors</b> <gdn-pref id='32027652'></gdn-pref>\n - <i>Stegomyia (Aedes) aegypti</i> was eradicated from 21 countries in the American Region during 1948 to 1962; however, as of 1996, the mosquito was found in all countries in the area, except Bermuda, Canada, Chile and Uruguay. <gdn-pref id='23916878'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='3042180'></gdn-pref>\n - As of 2020, <i>Stegomyia (Aedes) albopictus</i> has been identified in more than 25 European countries  <gdn-pref id='22272602'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='32045712'></gdn-pref> : Albania in 1979, Italy in 1990, France in 1998, Belgium in 2000, Spain in 2004 and Germany in 2011. <gdn-pref id='22297138'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22535696'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20120126.1023077'></gdn-mref>  As of 2003, <i>S. albopictus</i> was also present in 10 American countries: Brazil, the Cayman Islands, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and the United States. <gdn-pref id='23916878'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26126267'></gdn-pref>\n     <i>S. albopictus</i> was first reported in the United States in 1985 <gdn-pref id='23270144'></gdn-pref> , and in Africa in 1989 (South Africa) and had been identified on the continent only 4 times to 2003 - in Nigeria, South Africa and Equatorial Guinea.\n     <i>S. Polynesiensis</i> has also been implicated as a dengue vector. <gdn-pref id='543815'></gdn-pref>\n - Vertical transmission has been demonstrated among mosquitoes. <gdn-pref id='30776139'></gdn-pref>\n\n<b>Additional routes of transmission</b>\nRare instances of laboratory acquired <gdn-pref id='27057314'></gdn-pref> , nosocomial <gdn-pref id='30046313'></gdn-pref> and transfusion-related dengue are reported. <gdn-pref id='18503611'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='18503610'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25728040'></gdn-pref>\n - Only five cases of transfusion-transmitted dengue (including one case of DHF) had been documented as of 2015. <gdn-pref id='25964876'></gdn-pref>\n - Dengue hemorrhagic fever has been acquired through blood transfusion. <gdn-pref id='18832256'></gdn-pref>\n - Cases of dengue acquired through liver <gdn-pref id='27194898'></gdn-pref> <gdn-mref id='20160602.4259981'></gdn-mref> , bone marrow and renal transplantation have been reported.\n - Dengue virus has been detected in a donor cornea (India, 2018 publication) <gdn-pref id='30272614'></gdn-pref>\n - Vertical transmission during pregnancy is common. <gdn-pref id='27760799'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='1819401'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='29692297'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='30979598'></gdn-pref>\n - Possible transmission through breast feeding has been reported. <gdn-pref id='24156723'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23575200'></gdn-pref>\n - Anecdotal  cases heterosexual <gdn-pref id='32473313'></gdn-pref> and homosexual (MSM) transmission of dengue have been reported. <gdn-mref id='20191110.6771625'></gdn-mref>\n\n<b>Talking Points</b>\n - Large outbreaks of dengue are increasingly reported throughout the tropics.\n - 262 outbreaks of dengue were reported in the World's literature during 1990 to 2015. <gdn-pref id='28748176'></gdn-pref>\n - The following chart depicts four outbreaks - numbering 200,000 or more cases - which occurred in \"non-tropical\" countries.\n\n<gdn-outbreaks disease='10590' country='G100'></gdn-outbreaks>\n\n<b>Reviews and updates:</b> <gdn-pref id='9665979'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='15710058'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='15577938'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='19366911'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='19747662'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='19561427'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='10738676'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='17993365'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='7912702'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='1462664'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='8903160'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='9477544'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='10582094'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='15148655'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='15685151'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='20403310'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='20400169'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='20581669'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='20578515'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='20402771'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21079655'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21146601'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21308524'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21320241'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21537064'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21801609'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='21827872'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22069516'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22137535'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22272602'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22469290'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22500140'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22506663'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22535696'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22541792'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22629476'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22556068'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22556070'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22668447'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22668445'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22709430'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='22825287'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23029573'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23042846'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23103333'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23226436'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23437406'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23558245'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23578479'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23856907'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23876389'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23962447'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24076358'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='23916878'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24161879'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24195519'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24204590'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24165378'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24165383'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24367789'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24438016'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24639680'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24708869'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24772398'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24781826'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24801860'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24810901'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24889501'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24927557'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24957139'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24966859'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25172160'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25203960'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25253208'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25259615'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25271370'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25287260'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25298950'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25375627'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25399556'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25426178'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25424928'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25474491'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25491436'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25688023'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25688015'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25771261'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25881272'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25960096'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25964876'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25979287'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='25989449'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26051515'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26085471'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26126267'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26175912'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26214040'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26438851'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='3042180'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26562299'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26601449'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26639777'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='26936191'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27007959'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27052794'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27052666'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27115737'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27284691'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27322480'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27457660'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27701113'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='27926925'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='28035105'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='28392806'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='28448507'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='28612239'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='28738211'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='28748176'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='28806786'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='29221616'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='29294035'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='29301009'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='29345964'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='29385613'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='29391071'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='29435366'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='29882167'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='30011271'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='30394209'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='30560735'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='30869035'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='31423536'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='31616949'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='24468533'></gdn-pref> <gdn-pref id='32027652'></gdn-pref>\n"
3 }

Returns comprehensive country-relevant information regarding the selected disease including the disease’s history, incidence, distribution, and graphs.

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